Low-grade gliomas frequently present IDH1 mutations that define clinically distinct subgroups with specific prognostic and therapeutic implications. This work introduces a Multimodal Oncology Agent (MOA) integrating a histology tool based on the TITAN foundation model for IDH1 mutation prediction in low-grade glioma, combined with reasoning over structured clinical and genomic inputs through PubMed, Google Search, and OncoKB. MOA reports were quantitatively evaluated on 488 patients from the TCGA-LGG cohort against clinical and histology baselines. MOA without the histology tool outperformed the clinical baseline, achieving an F1-score of 0.826 compared to 0.798. When fused with histology features, MOA reached the highest performance with an F1-score of 0.912, exceeding both the histology baseline at 0.894 and the fused histology-clinical baseline at 0.897. These results demonstrate that the proposed agent captures complementary mutation-relevant information enriched through external biomedical sources, enabling accurate IDH1 mutation prediction.

Biomarker detection is an indispensable part in the diagnosis and treatment of low-grade glioma (LGG). However, current LGG biomarker detection methods rely on expensive and complex molecular genetic testing, for which professionals are required to analyze the results, and intra-rater variability is often reported. To overcome these challenges, we propose an interpretable deep learning pipeline, a Multi-Biomarker Histomorphology Discoverer (Multi-Beholder) model based on the multiple instance learning (MIL) framework, to predict the status of five biomarkers in LGG using only hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide images and slide-level biomarker status labels. Specifically, by incorporating the one-class classification into the MIL framework, accurate instance pseudo-labeling is realized for instance-level supervision, which greatly complements the slide-level labels and improves the biomarker prediction performance. Multi-Beholder demonstrates superior prediction performance and generalizability for five LGG biomarkers (AUROC=0.6469-0.9735) in two cohorts (n=607) with diverse races and scanning protocols. Moreover, the excellent interpretability of Multi-Beholder allows for discovering the quantitative and qualitative correlations between biomarker status and histomorphology characteristics. Our pipeline not only provides a novel approach for biomarker prediction, enhancing the applicability of molecular treatments for LGG patients but also facilitates the discovery of new mechanisms in molecular functionality and LGG progression.

Whereas MRI produces anatomic information about the brain, functional MRI (fMRI) tells us about neural activity within the brain, including how various regions communicate with each other. The full chorus of conversations within the brain is summarized elegantly in the adjacency matrix. Although information-rich, adjacency matrices typically provide little in the way of intuition. Whereas trained radiologists viewing anatomic MRI can readily distinguish between different kinds of brain cancer, a similar determination using adjacency matrices would exceed any expert's grasp. Artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology usually analyzes anatomic imaging, providing assistance to radiologists. For non-intuitive data types such as adjacency matrices, AI moves beyond the role of helpful assistant, emerging as indispensible. We sought here to show that AI can learn to discern between two important brain tumor types, high-grade glioma (HGG) and low-grade glioma (LGG), based on adjacency matrices. We trained a convolutional neural networks (CNN) with the method of deep neuroevolution (DNE), because of the latter's recent promising results; DNE has produced remarkably accurate CNNs even when relying on small and noisy training sets, or performing nuanced tasks. After training on just 30 adjacency matrices, our CNN could tell HGG apart from LGG with perfect testing set accuracy. Saliency maps revealed that the network learned highly sophisticated and complex features to achieve its success. Hence, we have shown that it is possible for AI to recognize brain tumor type from functional connectivity. In future work, we will apply DNE to other noisy and somewhat cryptic forms of medical data, including further explorations with fMRI.

An automated method based on a machine-learning algorithm and MRI radiomics can differentiate between low-grade and high-grade gliomas, according to research presented at the annual Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) conference in Kissimmee, FL. After developing a workflow to support it, researchers from Yale School of Medicine created an automated approach that segments gliomas on brain MR exams, performs radiomics analysis, and then predicts if the tumor is high or low grade. In testing, their approach yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86. "We were able to develop a PACS-based auto-segmentation tool, which was linked to a high- versus low-grade glioma prediction tool," said Sara Merkaj, a postgraduate research fellow. "This algorithm could potentially be incorporated into clinical practice."

"This is the first study to address the most common intracranial tumors and to directly determine the tumor class or the absence of tumor from a 3D MRI volume," said Satrajit Chakrabarty, M.S., a doctoral student under the direction of Aristeidis Sotiras, Ph.D., and Daniel Marcus, Ph.D., in Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology's Computational Imaging Lab at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The six most common intracranial tumor types are high-grade glioma, low-grade glioma, brain metastases, meningioma, pituitary adenoma and acoustic neuroma. Each was documented through histopathology, which requires surgically removing tissue from the site of a suspected cancer and examining it under a microscope. "Non-invasive MRI may be used as a complement, or in some cases, as an alternative to histopathologic examination," he said. To build their machine learning model, called a convolutional neural network, Chakrabarty and researchers from Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology developed a large, multi-institutional dataset of intracranial 3D MRI scans from four publicly available sources.

Figure shows coarse attention maps generated using GradCAM for correctly classified high-grade glioma (HGG), low-grade glioma (LGG), brain metastases (METS), meningioma (MEN), acoustic neuroma (AN), and pituitary adenoma (PA). For each pair, the postcontrast T1-weighted scan, and the GradCAM attention map (overlaid on scan) have been shown. In GradCAM maps, warmer and colder colors represent high and low contribution of pixels toward a correct prediction, respectively. A team of researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have developed a deep learning model that is capable of classifying a brain tumor as one of six common types using a single 3D MRI scan, according to a study published in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence. "This is the first study to address the most common intracranial tumors and to directly determine the tumor class or the absence of tumor from a 3D MRI volume," said Satrajit Chakrabarty, M.S., a doctoral student under the direction of Aristeidis Sotiras, Ph.D., and Daniel Marcus, Ph.D., in Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology's Computational Imaging Lab at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri.

Washington [US], August 14 (ANI): Researchers have developed a deep learning model that is capable of classifying a brain tumour as one of six common types, using a single 3D MRI scan, during a new study. The study by researchers from the Washington University School of Medicine has been published in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence. "This is the first study to address the most common intracranial tumours and to directly determine the tumour class or the absence of tumour from a 3D MRI volume," said Satrajit Chakrabarty, M.S., a doctoral student under the direction of Aristeidis Sotiras, PhD, and Daniel Marcus, PhD, in Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology's Computational Imaging Lab at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The six most common intracranial tumour types are high-grade glioma, low-grade glioma, brain metastases, meningioma, pituitary adenoma and acoustic neuroma. Each was documented through histopathology, which requires surgically removing tissue from the site of suspected cancer and examining it under a microscope.